Detroit May Have an EV Future But Diesel Is Still Alive and Well

The popularity of full-sized diesel pickups remains strong.

Earlier this month the president signed an executive order to have 40 to 50 percent of all cars to be electric by the end of the decade. GM and Ford anticipate that this will happen, but they also recognize that the demand for full-sized gasoline and diesel pickups is as strong as ever among consumers. 

Reuters released a story on Monday that stated the industry expects to build 3.3 million full-size pickups and SUVs this year in North America, virtually all gasoline or diesel powered. The demand is strong and will likely continue throughout the decade.

The popularity of big trucks may mystify some, but is no surprise to others. Lawmakers and pundits pounce on gasoline and diesel trucks as massive polluters, even though great strides have been made to reduce emissions and develop more fuel efficient engines.

The big three automakers issued a joint statement on August 5 regarding their "shared aspiration" to meet the president's 2030 target. "That goal would mean boosting annual North American output of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to 7 million vehicles or more," wrote Paul Lienert, author of the Reuters piece.

The article's main thrust seems to be that the rate at which the automakers are rolling out EVs will be significantly less than intentions of the projected target. "The entire industry, however, is planning as of now to build just 2.6 million battery electric vehicles (BEV) and another 585,000 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in 2028, according to AutoForecast Solutions (AFS), which compiles production estimates that are widely used across the industry."

All forecasting is a tricky business, in part because there are so many variables at play. Based on current projections by the automakers, AutoForecast Solutions (AFS) states that EVs will account for 15% of production, and hybrids another 3.4%. EPA is projecting a similar but slightly smaller number.

It's not that there's an inability to make more EV vehicles. What's missing is demand. There's simply a lack of demand for battery powered cars, and to stay in business manufacturers must. build products people are willing to pay for. 

Ford has repeatedly reiterated that 40% of its global volume will be battery-electric by 2030. GM has stated again that it plans to eliminate tailpipe emissions from light-duty vehicles by 2035. The reality is that trucks and SUVs are in high demand and consumers are willing to pay premium prices for them. 

The article ends with a note about the 2021 semiconductor shortfall, which has been a headache for automakers. Demand is there but dealerships can't get enough vehicles to fill their lots.

Here's the article, along with some informative charts to make it visual.
Detroit sticks with trucks, SUVs despite lofty 2030 goals for EVs

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) -- What Is It and Why Is It Necessary?

In December we discussed DEF and its role in today's enviro-sensitive times. At the end of July a similar story by Kyle Hyatt was shared on a Road/Show podcast. It's an important subject and worth visiting again. In fact, the title suggests it's more important than ever.

Diesel has been on the receiving end of a lot of bitter barbs in the past, chiefly due to the black exhaust associated with older diesel trucks and buses. Things have changed significantly, however. As is well known, the black-smoke-belching smokestacks of Pittsburg stank the city a century ago are long gone and its beautiful, vibrant hills encircle it today. In the same way, diesel vehicles have been undergoing a image renovation, making diesel viable for years to come.

According to Hyatt, 2010 was a critical year for long-haul truckers and fleet managers when the EPA mandated the use of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) in diesel engines. The reason this development was unsettling is because what makes SCR work is a consumable called diesel exhaust fluid (DEF). This would not only add cost, but also add an added maintenance step. Not the end of the world, but t would be an additional inconvenience.

Things turned out better than expected, however. Instead of resisting change, engine manufactures embraced it and found they could continue to make reliable engines. Not only that, the new technology that was incorporated reduced emissions so much that topping off the DEF now and then wasn't such a hurdle after all.

In the next section of the article Hyatt explains how the SCR works and the role of DEF to make it happen.

He begins by noting that selective catalytic reduction isn't new. It's actually been around for half a century, initially used to reduce pollution from coal-fired power plants. The primary pollutants were nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, which are also the problem with diesel combustion.

The author goes into detail on how SCR works. First, exhaust gas must be filtered to remove soot and ash. Then the exhaust gas flows past a nozzle that sprays DEF into the stream of gases. (DEF is primarily water and urea, which you can read more about here.)

The hot exhaust gas and DEF enter the catalytic converter where a chemical reaction takes place, magically converting the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water. You may recall from your chemistry class in high school that the air we breathe is nearly 80% nitrogen. In short, it's gas that is harmless to our environment. 

The details are oversimplified here but will give you a sense of the chemistry and technology involved. It's a variation of what a car's catalytic converter does. Hyatt states that "Most modern diesel engines use SCR in combination with exhaust gas recirculation and a diesel particulate filter (DPF) to reduce emissions."

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is now used  in nearly all modern ICE engines as a means of eliminating unburnt fuel. But this process also has handicaps and engine manufacturers are striving to find the right balance between EGR and SCR. The target is the elimination of emissions in a manner that doesn't hamstring performance and fuel economy.

Are there any downsides to DEF? You might think the hassle factor and cost are downsides, but since you only need to refill the tank about as often as you change your oil, that's not much of an inconvenience. As for cost, it's not really expensive.

Because of the increased implementation of this technology it is helpful to understand why it has been adopted and how it works. Emissions systems are becoming increasingly critical. According to the WSJ today, the current stimulus package includes a section in which every public company in the U.S. might be required to report climate information such as emissions and greenhouse gases related to their products and their climate risks. 

Near the end of this story Hyatt states that the achievements in diesel will prod U.S. truck manufacturers to offer more diesel models in traditionally gasoline-dominant market segments. We've already reported on some of this.

The author sums up his story with this observation of note:

"Where DEF really becomes critical is in big diesel engines. We don't mean like your Cummins 6BT, we're talking Class 8 semi-trucks. These vehicles do millions of miles over their lifespans, and their massive diesel engines go through a lot of fuel in that time. These vehicles go through a lot of DEF as you might imagine, so at truck stops, DEF is sold at the pump."

You can read the full account here: 

What is diesel exhaust fluid and why is it more important than ever?

SEMA Steps Up To Defend Diesel Enthusiasts

First, a quick nod to inventor and mechanical engineer Rudolph Diesel, who was born on this day in 1858. He would undoubtedly be astounded at what the auto industry has achieved using the engine concept that he created.

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On Monday The Drive published an informative article about the advocacy role SEMA is playing on behalf of diesel tuners and performance businesses as they battle the EPA. The reason this article by James Gilboy is important is because most small businesses lack the resources to fight a legal battle against the unlimited resources of the government. 

The article begins as a news account regarding Arizona diesel truck tuner Gear Box Z (GBZ), which has been in the crosshairs for what the EPA considers an "emissions defeat devices." The reason SEMA (Specialty Equipment Market Assn.) got involved is because the definition of what is unacceptable to the agency has been expanding in recent years, even though no new laws were created. Things which were fine before are being fined now. 

Case in point: Freedom Diesel Performance of Bradenton, Florida, was put out of business by a seven million dollar fine, and others are being needled as well.

The New York Times story in January served notice that the EPA meant business in its efforts to crack down on "emissions defeat devices" but SEMA points to changes that took place 5 years ago with regard to the interpretation of aspects of the Clean Air Act that were once applied more narrowly. Until then dedicated off-roaders and racers were exempt. 

SEMA is not fighting the EPA in order to make polluting legal. Rather, they are attempting to be pro-active regarding the continued infringement of rights for enthusiasts and give greater clarity to the law. Gilboy writes:

GBZ was attributed in the EPA's Jan. 3, 2020 filing with Arizona's U.S. District Court as a source of "EGR Delete Hardware," "Exhaust Replacement Pipes," "DPF Emulators," and "Defeat Tune Products" from Jan. 1, 2015, to April 24, 2017. The first two products on that list remain available on GBZ's site at the time of publishing. In the company's listing for said "Exhaust Replacement Pipes," GBZ notes that they are intended for race vehicles.

In December 2019 SEMA approached Congress to introduce legislation titled Recognizing the Protection of Motorsports (RPM) Act. This act sought to bring greater clarity to what is and is not acceptable. After passing through a House Committee the legislation has not been forwarded to the floor of Congress.

Several years ago there were efforts in California to outlaw the street rod culture because they were built in the years before contemporary emissions mandates were in effect. SEMA conducted a study that demonstrated how one maritime transport craft idling in a California port for one day produces more emissions than all the street rods in California would produce in a whole year. 

This advocacy role is invaluable for the industry and its enthusiast constituents because who else has the time and money to conduct these kinds of studies and gather this information. SEMA is thus an important ally for small businesses in the automotive aftermarket as well as for the enthusiast consumers who rely on them.

We encourage you to read the full story here at The Drive.
Here's Why SEMA Is Joining a Diesel Tuner's Fight Against the EPA

https://www.thedrive.com/news/39698/heres-why-sema-is-joining-a-diesel-tuners-fight-against-the-epa

Diesel Enthusiasts: Learn Details About the New EPA Tampering Policy at a Feb. 26 SEMA-Sponsored Webinar

SEMA, the Specialty Equipment Market Association (formerly Manufacturing Association), is perhaps the largest advocate on our behalf as diesel enthusiasts and beneficiaries of the auto aftermarket. They have lawyers and lobbyists who pay very close attention to proposed legislation and regulations being considered both federally and in every state in the Union. Many examples can be cited in which legislators were unaware of impacts of decisions and SEMA had a chair at the table. 

The association also devotes much time and effort to making sure its members are informed of changes or issues that impact them and the public at large.

This week, SEMA's Washington DC staff is hosting a Zoom Webinar to share information about the new EPA Tampering Policy that was released in December. This policy is a replacement for the outdated 1974 Mobile Source Enforcement Memo 1A. The new policy addresses enforcement of the Clean Air Act's prohibitions on tampering and aftermarket defeat devices.

The webinar will take place Friday, February 26, at 9:00 a.m. (PST). All SEMA members are invited, and we're certain that anyone involved in the diesel scene will want to attend. 

Here is information that SEMA has announced regarding this event:

Webinar: EPA's New Policy on Tampering and Defeat Devices Explained 

The updated Policy reinforces that in exercising its discretion the EPA will forego enforcement action when a company has a documented “reasonable basis” that a product will not adversely affect vehicle emissions when installed. SEMA generally welcomed the revised Policy as it will now allow SEMA members to undertake emissions testing and maintain the test data to document a reasonable basis for demonstrating compliance. EPA has committed to consider the test data if and when the agency investigates and will typically forego enforcement if the data shows no adverse effect on emissions. California sales are separately governed by California Air Resources Board (CARB) through its Executive Order (EO) program.

A panel of industry experts and an EPA representative will provide an overview of the new Policy. Issues covered include:

• What type of testing is needed to achieve a reasonable basis?
• Vehicle selection.
• Where can the testing be performed? 
• Is this the same testing that is done when submitting an EO application to CARB?
• What are some of the Policy’s benefits if marketing products outside of California?

Webinar Registration - Zoom

https://www.sema.org/news-media/enews/2021/07/webinar-epas-new-policy-tampering-and-defeat-devices-explained?utm_source=ET&utm_medium=email&utm_content=595631&utm_campaign=eNews

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If you have news that is important to diesel enthusiasts, please send an email to Frank Owens, BlueFlame1952@gmail.com
Or @FrankOw85865892

Diesel Emissions Reduction Act Brings Funding to Upgrade the Nation's Diesel Fleets

Diesel powered trucks are becoming cleaner and more efficient than ever.

If someone were to write a history of the last half century of the transportation industry, it really has been a remarkable era of change. Emerging technologies of all kinds have been and are being incorporated into our vehicles of today and tomorrow. How many sensors were there in a first generation F-Series pickup? Considering where things were at the end of the muscle car era, when some clattering over-the-road trucks were still spewing black contrails, it's remarkable how far the industry has come.

It's not that the automakers are opposed to making adjustments, but the technical hurdles have been many. Nevertheless, as the saying goes, "We've come a long ways, baby." And EPA incentivizing doesn't hurt any.

As everyone knows, incentives matter. So it was gratifying to see a story this past week about the EPA announcing 46 million dollars in grant money to implement projects that reduce emissions from our nation's existing diesel fleets.

Key points are summarized in this blog article but you can find the official EPA announcement here: EPA Announces $46 Million Available to Reduce Emissions from Diesel Engines.

The January 15 announcement is titled the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) with grant funding to be awarded to eligible applicants. The initial focus will be on "areas facing air quality challenges."

According to EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler the EPA has provided nearly $300 million in grants and rebates over the past few years to help fleets modernize with cleaner heavy duty trucks and equipment.

The announcement goes on to acknowledge that "Diesel-powered engines move most  of the nation’s freight tonnage, and today nearly all highway freight trucks, locomotives, and commercial marine vessels are powered by diesel engines." 

Deadline for Applications

The deadline for applications is March 26, 2021.

Stipulations

Applicants may request funding to upgrade or replace diesel-powered buses, trucks, marine engines, locomotives and nonroad equipment with newer, cleaner technologies. Priority for funding will also be given to projects that engage and benefit local communities and applicants that demonstrate their ability to promote and continue efforts to reduce emissions after the project has ended.

  

Eligibility

Eligible applicants include regional, state, local or tribal agencies, or port authorities with jurisdiction over transportation or air quality. Nonprofit organizations may apply if they provide pollution reduction or educational services to diesel fleet owners or promote air quality and clean transportation.

 

Applicants must request funding from the EPA regional office which covers the geographic project location. The maximum amount of federal funding that may be requested per application varies by Region:

• Region 1 (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont) will accept applications requesting up to $1,000,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 2 (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands) will accept applications requesting up to $2,500,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 3 (Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia) will accept applications requesting up to $2,500,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 4 (Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee) will accept applications requesting up to $2,000,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 5 (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin) will accept applications requesting up to $3,000,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 6 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas) will accept applications requesting up to $2,500,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 7 (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska will accept applications requesting up to $1,500,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 8 (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming) will accept applications requesting up to $2,600,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 9 (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands) will accept applications requesting up to $4,000,000 in grant funds.
  
• Region 10 (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington) will accept applications requesting up to $1,000,000 in grant funds.
  

Background
Since the first year of the DERA program in 2008, EPA has competitively awarded over 850 grants and 450 rebates across the country. Many of these projects funded cleaner engines that operate in economically disadvantaged communities whose residents suffer from higher-than-average instances of asthma, heart and lung disease.

For more information and to access the Request for Applications, visit www.epa.gov/dera/national.

For more information on the DERA Funding Program, visit www.epa.gov/dera.