A Refresher for Diesel Fleet Owners to Get a Better Understanding of FA-4

The launch of API FA-4 heavy-duty engine oils in conjunction with API CK-4 lubricants created confusion in some peoples' minds. The introduction of these two classed of diesel oil was a step forward.

"FA-4 oil specifications were released back in 2016 and have been produced to enhance fuel efficiency. However, slower OEM adoption rates and engine protection concerns have kept some fleets from moving forward with adopting the new oil category."

So began a story by Cristina Commendatore that appeared in the October issue of Fleet Owner magazine, How fleets can determine if FA-4 engine oil is right for them.

When API released FA-4 oil specs in 2016, there was a measure of confusion, as often happens with new lubricant categories. Four years down the highway, and it's apparent that there's either confusion or a lack of confidence regarding the issue of engine protection in these lower viscosity oils. Some fleets are still debating whether to make the switch.

The backward compatible CK-4 spec replaced CJ-4 as the most current for apps in which a CJ-4 oil is recommended. The benefits include better shear stability, oxidation resistance and aeration control. The thinner FA-4 oils offer improved fuel economy. They were designed to help meet more stringent demand to meet environmental aims.

Hence, the use of the letter F in the spec. F stands for Fuel economy. The A indicates that this is the first generation of oil specific to this objective.

Commendatore focuses on the misperception that FA-4 and CK-4 oils have different qualification standards. That is, some people think that FA-4 was more concerned with fuel economy at the expense of engine protection. This is not the case at all. FA-4 oils are absolutely required to pass the same engine protection tests.  

She asks: So, how can fleets determine whether the new FA-4 category is right for them? 

The answer is this: Fleets with model year equipment from 2014 and newer, or Detroit Diesel engines as far back as 2010, are the recommended candidates.

Engine manufacturers and lube makers only work when they work together. Oil and water may not mix, but oil formulators and engine builders absolutely must. 

The rest of the article details some of the issues created during this period in which government has applied pressure to also reduce emissions. For fleet owners, another challenge is that many truck fleets have both older and newer vehicles. This means inventorying two different oils and making sure the correct oil gets in the correct trucks during oil changes. 

If you're a fleet owner or do fleet maintenance, read the rest of this article here.

Photo by Brian Wangenheim from Unsplash