The article begins by stating flat out that there should be no smoke coming out of the tailpipe of a properly running diesel engine. The exception might be a small burst of black smoke upon acceleration in older diesels.
If you do have smoke, it will be either black, blue or white.
Black Smoke is indicative of a problem with the air/fuel ratio. The culprit is often the fuel injectors, though not always. Fuel injector issues can include damaged nozzles, worn parts, over-fueling or incorrect injector timing. Sometimes there's a problem with injectors sticking open too long with common rail diesels.
Other areas to explore with a black smoke problem include clogged air cleaner, malfunctioning turbocharger, faulty injection pump, low compression, sludge buildup, excessive carbon in the intake manifold, and even low quality fuel.
White Smoke will signal a different set of issues. Often it means that not enough fuel is being burned, or that unused fuel has slipped through to the exhaust. It could also mean that your engine is too cold on startup, or that coolant has somehow seeped into the combustion chamber.
With white smoke you may also have an injector issue, either damaged or incorrect timing. Other potential issues can include damaged rings or cylinder liners, water in the fuel due to a head gasket leak, low cylinder compression, malfunctioning glow plugs, or even a fuel pump issue.
Blue Smoke is the least common of the three. It means you're burning oil in your engine. Not good. Underlying causes can include damaged, worn or sticking rings, damaged or worn cylinders, oil too thin for your application, worn seals, too much oil in the engine or a damaged lift pump.
Whatever the cause, excess smoke is not something you really want to see. Here's the full article at XDP: Diesel Smoke Diagnosis
Related Link
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